also known as a child support arrearage. In Illinois, if you're paying child support, and you owe back child support, you must make efforts to pay off that arrearage. However, don't let anyone convince you that you can have a large amount taken out of your check at one time. Illinois law limits the amount of back child support to be paid at one time to 20% (twenty percent) of the amount you're currently paying. In fact, it's clearly listed on the Uniform Order of Support which must be completed any time child support is paid by a parent.